Internal-combustion engine



L. R. CARPENTER. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE. APPLICATION FILED FEB- 9,1920.

Patented Oct. 12,

[a mentor mi \N.

s s s 0 UNITED STATES" PATENT OFFICE.

LEE ROYAL CARPENTER, OF CLEVELAND, OIzIIO.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION EliTGINE..

ecification of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 12, 1920.

Application filed February 9, 1920. Serial No. 357,213.

T 0 all whom it may concern: 7

Be it known that I, LEE ROYAL CARPEN- 'rnn a citizen of the UnitedStates, residing at \lleveland, in the county of Cuyahoga and State ofOhio, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement inInternal-Combustion Engines, of which the following is a 7 full, clear,and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings.

This invention relates to internal combustion engines and has for itsgeneral object the provision of a new and improved motor of the twocycle type adapted either for tionary power plants or for the propulslonof vehicles either on land or water or in the air, although certainfeatures'of my invention are applicable to motors. of the four cycletype, and I lay claim to my improvements in every use to which they maybe applicable. The objects of, the invention are the provision of amotor of maximum power and of minimum weight; the pro- 7 vision of amotor of extremely high ethbastion motors; while further objects] andadvantages of the invention will become apparent as thedescriptionproceeds.

.In the drawings accompanying and forming a part of this application, Ihave shown my improvements as embodied 1n a one cylinder engine,although it will be understood that great changes in detail andarrangement can be made within the scope of my inventive idea and thatmy invention is applicable to multi-cylinder englnes equally with singlemotors. In-these drawingsF 1gures 1 and 2 are central vertical sectionalviews taken through a simple type of motor embodying my improvements;Fig. 3 1s a horizontal sectional view taken on the broken line 3-3 ofFig. 2, and Figs. 1 and 5 are diagrams representing the movement of thetwo'pistons.

.Describing by reference characters the parts shown in the drawing 1represents the base, and 2 the cylinder of myimproved motor, the latterbeing cast in a block whlch is separated from the base along the lme 3shown in'Fig. 1. The cylinder is preferably formed with a removable head4 and the base is formed with bearings 55 in which is journaled a shaft6 formed with'a crank 7 in line with the opposite end of the cylinder.Slidably mounted inside the cylinder is a double ended piston 8traversed by a piston pin 9 which lies perpendicular tothe shaft 6, theside walls of the cylinder being formed with longitudinal slots 1010 forthe passage of the same.

7 J ournaled upon the crank 7 is'a bearing member 11 having laterallyextending ears 1212 which ears are connected to the ends'of the pistonpin by means of connecting rods 13-43 located one on each side of thecylinder. The distance between the ears l2-12 being the same as thelength of the piston pin, it will be seen that these connecting rodswill have at all times a parallel motion. Each side of the cylinder isformed with a hollow external bossl which extends from the line '3 to apoint sufliciently near the opposite end of the cylinder to inclose theslots 10'-1O which register therewith. The portion of'the cylinder'whichprojects beyond these bosses is preferably formed with cooling means,such for example as the water:-

jacket 15. I I have shown the walls of these bosses or housings asformed with removable cover plates 16 by means of which access can behad to the piston pin 9 and also with removable plugs 17 through whichthe bear-v;

ing bolts '18 can be removed if and when desired. t

The walls of the cylinder'are formed at such a distance from theremovable head 4 as to be uncovered by the piston at its extreme limitof travel with opposed ports 20 and 21 respectively, while the walls ofthe cylinder adjacent the opposite end thereof are formed with otherports 22, 23 respectively, the port 22, however, being out of registerwith the port 23 and slightly nearer the middle of the cylinder. Theports 21 and 22 are connected by a transfer duct 24 formed in-thecylinder wall while the port erably effected solely by the movement of Vthe piston 8, but mechanical means of some kind is preferably employedto control either or both the ports .22 and-23. Such a means is heresupplied by the second piston 30 snugly mounted in the open end of thecylinder and having in itswall a port '31.

adapted to register with the port 23 and communicating with the interiorof the cylinder by a passageway 32/ Such valve means iso'pera'tedthroughthe agency ofa movable member which projects between the two connectingrods and may be actuated by suitable cams on the main shaft. In thecrank, in other words with a certain amount of lead; and my experienceindicates that it is very desirable to'employ a leadof90 largely forthereason that in this way the action of the valvefmechanism is renderedmost rapid atthe instant when the piston is passing dead center andconsequently is moving most slowly. Also, when a piston valve-30 isemployed as herein shown, I arrange the same so that when in its'midposition both the ports 22 and 23 are covered and also in such wisethat. the port 22 is opened as that piston falls and the port 23 isopened as said piston rises from this Ipointf ,;The following isa,description of the operation of the particular invention hereinillustrated. Starting from dead center as shown in Fig. 1 the rotationof the crank in the direction of the arrow causes the work-' ing piston8 to riseslowlywhile the cams 33 being in quadrature the valve piston 30is fraised rapidly with the result that the ports 23 and Sl'are causedtoregister when the shaft hasturned' only 14. corresponding to the pointas shown in Fig. 4. This'permits the free entranceiof explosive mixturebeneath the piston 8, which rising, first closes the port 21 and thenthe port 20 as shown at b and c in Fig/L The mixture in the firingchamber is compressed, new mixturebeing drawn in through the port 23until the opposite dead center isapproached when this port is closed asshown at (Z in Fig. 4, having-meanwhile been open'thro'ugh a shaftmovement of 152. PT he compressed mixturein the firing chamber being nowignited by any suitable means, the power stroke commences, and meanwhilethe rapid movement of the piston30 serves to open the port 22 as shownat e in Fig. 4 at a point only 9 after dead center, as aresult'of whichthe fresh 7 mixture displacedf by the piston is compressed into thetransfer duct 24. At the point 7 shown in Fig.4the exhaust port20 opensand the. burned" gases are discharged H 7 after having acted upon thepiston through an angle 0f-125". 40", and at the point 9 shortlythereafter the. port 21 opens permit .cited in the claims heretoannexed,

ting the fresh gases to rush into the cylinder and sweep out the lastvestiges of the burned gases. The port 22 does not close until thepiston has almost reached the lower dead center as shown at h in Fig. 4.

As a result of this arrangement it will be seen thateach of the ports isleft open during the longest possible time; the incoming mixture iscompressed into the duct 24 prior to the opening of the passage betweenthat duct and the working chamber, so thatinstantly upon the opening ofthose. ports the inrush of the charge can begin the ports 22. and 23 arenever in communication with each other'softhat back firing into thecarbureter is absolutely impossible the small clearance possible betweenthe two pistons enables the very complete transfer of gas fromthecompressor chamber to'the firing chamber; while a minimum ofdificulty is experienced owing to the leakage of gas through wornbearings and the like, which. has hitherto been a fruitful cause ofcomplaint in connection with two-cycle engines.

It will be appreciated that the peculiar connecting rod arrangementherein shown is capable of use on many other typesrof engines both gasand steam,two-'cycle or fourcycle, wherefore I do not restrict myself tots employment with this kind of a device,

although it is of peculiar advantage in the combination shown; andlikewise I do not restrict the valve mechanism herein shown to thistype'ofan engine or to the combination including this particularconnectingrod assembly although the two when'used to- I getheroifermarked "advantages. It will be understood that numerous other types ofvalves and valve mechanism' can be employed within the scope ofmyinvention and. I do notirestrict myself to any of thefea: tureshereinshown except as specifically re- '1. In an engine, a cylinder, piston,and crank, a crank bearing ournaled on said:

crank and having oppositely disposed exter- 7V nal ears arrangedperpendicularly to the cylindrical axis, and a pair of twin connectingrods pivoted to said ears and to said piston.

2. In an engine, a cylinder having slotted a sides, a piston n saidcylinder, a pistonpin' traversing said 7 piston and projecting throughthe slots, a connecting rod articulated to each end of said pin, a cranklocated opposite one end of said cylinder, and a member journaled on thecrank throw and having oppositely projecting ear to which said rodsarepivoted. a

'3. In an engine, a: crank, a cylinder pre sented endwise to said crankand having.

slotted sides, a piston in said cylinder, a piston pin traversing saidpiston and projecting through said slots, a bearing member journaled onsaid crank and having external ears, and connecting rods, one on eachside of said cylinder, connected to said pin and ears.

4. In an engine, a crank, a cylinder presented endwise to said crank andhaving slotted sides, a piston in said cylinder, a pin traversing saidpiston and projecting through said slots, a bearing member journaled onsaid crank and having external ears, the distance between said earsbeing substantially the same as the length of said piston pin, andparallel connecting rods articulated to said ears and pin.

5. In an internal combustion engine, a crank, a double-ended cylinderpresented endwise tovsaid crank and having slotted sides, a piston pinprojecting through the slots, connecting rods connected to said crankand to the ends of the piston pin, a

crank casing surrounding said crank, and I shields covering said slotsand rods.

6. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder having slotted sides, adouble-ended piston in the cylinder, a transverse piston pin projectingthrou h the slots, in combination with a crank s aft perpendicular tosaid piston pin and connecting rods between the pin and crank.

7. The combination With a cylinder having longitudinally slotted Walls,and a crank shaft of a piston having a pin projecting through such slotsperpendicular to the crank shaft, and connecting rods articulated tosaid pin outside of the cylinder and connected to the crank. .8. In anengine a cylinder having closed ends and slotted sides, a longitudinalextending hollow boss carried by the cylinder at each side andregistering With one of the slots, a crank casing secured to saidcylinder and bosses, a piston in said cylinder, a piston pin traversingsaid piston and projecting through said slots, and connecting rods, onein each boss, having their outer ends articulated to' said pin and theirinner ends operatively connected to the crank.

In testimony whereof I hereunto aflix my signature.

LEE ROYAL CARPENTER.

